Obesity and Korean Red Ginseng Extract

In a vivo study of effects of Ginseng saponin and ginsenosides exert anti-obesity effects with mice fed long-term on a high-fat diet (HFD) by the Korea Ginseng Corporation Ginseng Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea (1), researchers found that KRGE reduces the levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum triglycerides, and atherogenic indices. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, were impaired profoundly by HFD and suggested that KRGE is effective in preventing obesity.


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(1) " Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet.

Song YB, An YR, Kim SJ, Park HW, Jung JW, Kyung JS, Hwang SY, Kim YS. , PubMed, Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

Weight Loss and Efficacy and Safety of Low-Fat Diets

In a randomized intervention studies comparing low fat diets to normal fat diets show that low fat diets prevent weight gain in normal weight subjects and produce weight loss in overweight individuals, including 16 trials and involving 1728 individuals, conducted by Research Department of Human Nutrition & Centre for Advanced Food Research, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej (1), found that the difference in weight loss between intervention and control groups was 2.5 kg (95% CI, 1.5-3.5; P<0.0001). Weight loss was positively related to pre-treatment body weight (r=0.52, P<0.05) and to reduction in percentage energy as fat (0.37 kg/%, P<0.005). Extrapolated to a body mass index (BMI) approximately 30 kg/m(2), and assuming a 10% reduction in dietary fat, the predicted weight loss would be 4.4 kg (95% CI, 2.0-6.8 kg), which has been confirmed in subsequent studies. Newer studies have shown that replacing some carbohydrate with protein may enhance weight loss.... Low fat diets with a high content of complex carbohydrates and protein do not produce any adverse effect on cardiovascular risk factors when weight loss is allowed to occur, and they have been shown to decrease mortality among high risk subjects.

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(1) "The role of dietary fat in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Efficacy and safety of low-fat diets." by Astrup A., posted in PubMed

Weight Loss and Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets High in Either Monounsaturated Fat or Protein

In a randomized study of 72 overweight and obese volunteers with the BWI in kg/m(2)=:33.8 +/- 0.9, and insulin concentrations >12 mU/L received either a low-fat, high-protein (LF-HP) diet (29 +/- 1% fat, 34 +/- 0.8% protein) or a high-fat, standard-protein (HF-SP) diet (45 +/- 0.6% fat, 18 +/- 0.3% protein) during 12 wk of energy restriction (6 +/- 0.1 MJ/d) and 4 wk of energy balance (7.4 +/- 0.3 MJ/d) conducted by Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, in Australia (1), found that glucose and insulin responses to test meals improved after weight loss (P < 0.001) with no significant diet effect. Bone turnover, inflammation, and calcium excretion did not change significantly.


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(1) "Carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective at promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids." by Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Keogh JB, Foster P, Clifton PM, posted in PubMed

Weight Loss and A Increased Protein and Reduced CHO/Protein Ratio Diet

In a study of 24 adult women, >15% above ideal body weight, to test the hypothesis that a moderate increase in dietary protein with a corresponding reduction of carbohydrates (CHO) stabilizes fasting and postprandial blood glucose and insulin during weight loss, were assigned to either a Protein Group [protein: 1.6 g/(kg. d); CHO <40% of energy] or CHO Group [protein: 0.8 g/(kg. d); CHO >55%] by Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, (1) found that consumption of a diet with increased protein and a reduced CHO/protein ratio stabilizes blood glucose during nonabsorptive periods and reduces the postprandial insulin response.


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(1) "Increased dietary protein modifies glucose and insulin homeostasis in adult women during weight loss." by Layman DK, Shiue H, Sather C, Erickson DJ, Baum J., posted in PubMed

Weight Loss and A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein

According to the study of 24 women, ages between 45 to 56 with BMI>26 kg/m(2), in examining the efficacy of two weight loss diets with modified CHO/protein ratios to change body composition and blood lipids in adult women were assigned to either a CHO Group consuming a diet with a CHO/protein ratio of 3.5 (68 g protein/d) or a Protein Group with a ratio of 1.4 (125 g protein/d). conducted by Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1), found that women in the CHO Group had higher insulin responses to meals and postprandial hypoglycemia, whereas women in the Protein Group reported greater satiety. This study demonstrates that increasing the proportion of protein to carbohydrate in the diet of adult women has positive effects on body composition, blood lipids, glucose homeostasis and satiety during weight loss.

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(1) "A reduced ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein improves body composition and blood lipid profiles during weight loss in adult women." by Layman DK, Boileau RA, Erickson DJ, Painter JE, Shiue H, Sather C, Christou DD., posted in PubMed

Weight Loss - Dietary Protein and Exercise

In a study of comparing 2 diets (high protein, reduced carbohydrates vs. low protein, high carbohydrates) with exercise on body composition and blood lipids in 48 women, approximately 46 y old with BMI = 33 kg/m(2) during weight loss, conducted by Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illnois (1), found that (Serum lipid profiles improved in all groups, in the CHO groups had larger reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, whereas subjects in the PRO groups had greater reductions in triacylglycerol and maintained higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol.) a diet with higher protein and reduced carbohydrates combined with exercise additively improved body composition during weight loss, whereas the effects on blood lipids differed between diet treatments.


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(1) " Dietary protein and exercise have additive effects on body composition during weight loss in adult women." by Layman DK, Evans E, Baum JI, Seyler J, Erickson DJ, Boileau RA., Posted in PubMed

Weight Loss and Moderate-Protein Diet

In a study of comparing changes in body weight and composition and blood lipids after short-term weight loss (4 mo) followed by weight maintenance (8 mo) using moderate PRO or conventional high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets conducted by University of Illinois, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (1) in Participants (age = 45.4 +/- 1.2 y; BMI = 32.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); n = 130) found that Using a compliance criterion of participants attaining >10% weight loss, the PRO group had more participants (31 vs. 21%) lose more weight and the PRO diet was more effective for FM loss and body composition improvement during initial weight loss and long-term maintenance and produced sustained reductions in TAG and increases in HDL-C compared with the CHO diet.

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(1) "A moderate-protein diet produces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body composition and blood lipids in obese adults." by Layman DK, Evans EM, Erickson D, Seyler J, Weber J, Bagshaw D, Griel A, Psota T, Kris-Etherton P, Posted in PubMed

Weight Loss and Whey Protein

In a study of 90 overweight and obese participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups for 23 wk: 1) WP; 2) SP (each providing ~56 g/d of protein and 1670 kJ/d); or 3) an isoenergetic amount of CHO by Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (1), indicated that after 23 wk, body weight and composition did not differ between the groups consuming the SP (Soy protein) and WP (Whey protein) or between SP and CHO (an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrate); however, body weight and fat mass of the group consuming the WP were lower by 1.8 kg (P < 0.006) and 2.3 kg (P < 0.005), respectively, than the group consuming CHO. Lean body mass did not differ among any of the groups. Waist circumference was smaller in the participants consuming WP than in the other groups (P < 0.05).
Whey protein diet is superior than either Soy protein or isoenergetic amount of carbohydrate for obese people to loss weight.

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(1)" Whey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese adults". by Baer DJ, Stote KS, Paul DR, Harris GK, Rumpler WV, Clevidence BA. PubMed

Obesity and Short Term Fasting

Fasting is defined as a state of no intake of food or beverages, excluding water, which can be drunk as often as your body needs. It is claimed that properly conduct of fasting can increase health benefits relatively.There are many types of short term fasting, but the most common one is the 24-hour fast.In General, it starts immediately after breakfast and continue uninterrupted for the next 24 hours.
According to the study of Seven obese women (OB, aged 17-54 years, BMI 42.4 +/- 3.6 kg/m2, waist-hip ratio (WHR) 0.85 +/- 0.01) and ten healthy women, as control subjects (CS, aged 20-44 years, BMI 23.1 +/- 1.1 kg/m2, WHR 0.79 +/- 0.01) with an aim to clarify the effect of a 3 or 4-day fast, by department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Turin, Italy. researchers found that either alone or combined with arginine, is not improved by short-term fasting. As fasting is considered a CNS mediated stimulus to GH secretion, its ineffectiveness in obesity does not support a hypothalamic pathogenesis and suggests that long standing metabolic alterations, such as hyperinsulinaemia and/or elevated free fatty acids, could play a major role in causing GH insufficiency in obese patients. (1)

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(1) " Short-term fasting in obesity fails to restore the blunted GH responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine" by Procopio M, Maccario M, Grottoli S, Oleandri SE, Boffano GM, Camanni F, Ghigo E., post in PubMed

Weight Loss and Aminotransferase Levels

Aminotransferases is an ezyme found in liver, heart, muscle, kidney, and brain and released if any one of these tissues is damaged. High levels of Aminotransferase is an indication of liver and muscle disease.
In a study of 59 women with with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were randomly enrolled in a non-controlled clinical intervention study to receive either LCD or LFD during six months by From the Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute and the Research Group on Diabetes and Chronic Illnesses, Durango, Mexico., researchers found The weight loss was 5.7 and 5.5% for women in the LCD LFD groups. Although the decrease of AST (31.7 and 22.4%) and ALT (41 and 33.3%) levels was more elevated in the women of LCD group, as compared with the LFD group, there were not significant statistical differences.
Conclusions. Our results show that weight loss, irrespective of the type of diet, reduces aminotransferase levels in obese women with NAFLD. (1)
This result indicates that weight loss reduces the risk of liver damage and disease.

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(1) `Decrease of aminotransferase levels in obese women is related to body weight reduction, irrespective of type of diet.`by Rodríguez-Hernández H, Cervantes-Huerta M, Rodríguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F. (PubMed)

Weight Loss Recipe - SALMON AND VEGGIES

Makes 4 servings
Exchanges per serving (1/4 recipe)-1 Protein, 1 Vegetable

4-3 ½ or 5 ½ oz. pieces of fresh, skinless salmon fillets (according to plan)
1 t. olive oil
4 med. Zucchini, cut into thin slices
3 cloves garlic
¼ c. fresh orange juice, not from concentrate
½ c. water
½ t. ground white pepper
1 t. chicken bouillon, low sodium cubes
1 T. margarine
2 T. parsley

Heat olive oil in a nonstick pan. Add garlic and zucchini to the pan, stirring constantly. When zucchini is still not fully cooked, remove from heat. Keep warm. Boil orange juice, water, bouillon and pepper in a skillet. Reduce to medium heat; add salmon. Poach for 8-10 minutes or until salmon begins to flake off easily. Place vegetables in a dish, place salmon on top. (1)

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(1) Fish Recipes For LA Weight Loss (Source)

Low-Dose Growth Hormone Treatment With Diet Restriction Accelerates Body Fat Loss

There are some suggestion that obesity weight loss may hard to achieve for certain obese adult as a result of low levels of growth hormone that can lead to an anabolic effect by increasing insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I.
In a 12-week randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial by Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, YongDong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (1), of 22 women and 2 men age from 22-46 years old were fed a diet of 25 kcal/kg ideal body weight (IBW) with 1.2 g protein/kg IBW daily and were treated with recombinant human GH (n = 12, 0.18 U/kg IBW/week) or placebo (n = 12, vehicle injection). researchers reported that GH treatment caused a 1.6-fold increase in the fraction of body weight lost as fat and a greater loss of visceral fat area than placebo treatment (35.3 vs. 28.5%, p < 0.05).

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(1) `Low-dose growth hormone treatment with diet restriction accelerates body fat loss, exerts anabolic effect and improves growth hormone secretory dysfunction in obese adults.` by Kim KR, Nam SY, Song YD, Lim SK, Lee HC, Huh KB., posted in PubMed

Obesity, growth hormone and weight loss.

Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid produced by the the anterior pituitary gland. It hasa unique function in stimulating cell reproduction and regeneration and the growth of human body.
In the study by Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen (1), in responding to the well established that adult GHD usually is accompanied by an increase in fat accumulation and GH replacement in adult patients with GHD results in reduction of fat mass and abdominal fat mass in particular. researchers found that in clinical studies examining the efficacy of GH in obese subjects very little or no effect are observed with respect to weight loss, whereas GH seems to reduce total and abdominal fat mass in obese subjects. The observed reductions in abdominal fat mass are modest and similar to what can be achieved by diet or exercise interventions.

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(1) "Obesity, growth hormone and weight loss." by Rasmussen MH. (Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. mhr@dadlnet.dk), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health

Weight Loss Recipe -- Apple Pie

Ingredients (1) 1½ cups rolled oats 2 tbsp. wheat germ 2 pkg. artificial sweetener 2 tbsp. melted soft, light margarine 2 tsp. baking powder 2/3 cup (5 oz.) fat-free vanilla yogurt 2 medium sweet apples ½ cup unsweetened applesauce ½ tsp. cinnamon

Preheat oven to 375°F. Mix rolled oats, wheat germ, one package of artificial sweetener, margarine, baking powder, and vanilla yogurt. Let stand for one hour. Spray a spring form pan with nonstick, fat-free cooking spray. Spread oat batter ¼ inch thick in pan. Peel, core, and thinly slice apples. Cover oat batter with a layer of apple and two tablespoons of applesauce. Sprinkle with cinnamon. Repeat layering until all apples and sauce are used. Sprinkle remaining artificial sweetener on apples. Bake until golden brown. Serves six. One serving equals ½ fruit, 1 starch, 1 fat, 1/8 dairy. 101 Practical Weight Loss Tips How you can lose way the natural way Un-cover an amazingly simple way of losing weight (1) herbal Magic Weight Loss & Nutrition Centres

Obesity and Weight Loss Hormone Ghrelin

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach and pancreas with the function of stimulating hunger to protect against the fat loss as a result of thousand years in protecting the survival of human species. Its levels increase before meals and decrease after meals. As to its unique activity, many researchers have tried to find a way to block the stimulation of this hormone for weight loss.

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In the study of (a) changes in ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations during a weight reduction programme and (b) baseline ghrelin and PYY levels during a weight reduction programme with 15 normal-weight teenagers and 32 severely obese adolescents (BMI z score = 4.1), researchers found that obese teenagers had lower ghrelin and PYY concentrations than normal-weight adolescents (P < 0.05). Moreover, they showed significantly higher leptin, insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) (P < 0.0001).). During the lifestyle modification, there was a significant decrease in body weight among obese teenagers, associated with an increase in ghrelin (apparent from month 6; P < 0.05), a decrease in leptin (from month 3; P < 0.05) and a decrease in insulin and HOMA (from month 3; P < 0.0001), without any significant change in PYY.
Researchers concluded that In adolescents with severe obesity, a long-term combination of supervised aerobic exercises and a balanced diet led to weight reduction and increased ghrelin concentrations, without any change in PYY concentrations. Moreover, baseline PYY concentrations might be considered as predictors of weight loss. (1)



(1) "Ghrelin and PYY levels in adolescents with severe obesity: effects of weight loss induced by long-term exercise training and modified food habits." by Gueugnon C, Mougin F, Nguyen NU, Bouhaddi M, Nicolet-Guénat M, Dumoulin G. posted in PubMed