Exercise training in obese older adults prevents increase in bone turnover and attenuates decrease

In the study to determine the independent and combined effects of weight loss and ET(weight training) on bone metabolism in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) in obese older adults, indicated that the addition of ET to weight loss therapy among obese older adults prevents weight loss-induced increase in bone turnover and attenuates weight loss-induced reduction in hip BMD despite weight loss-induced decrease in bone-active hormones(1).

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(1) "Exercise training in obese older adults prevents increase in bone turnover and attenuates decrease in hip bone mineral density induced by weight loss despite decline in bone-active hormones" by Shah K, Armamento-Villareal R, Parimi N, Chode S, Sinacore DR, Hilton TN, Napoli N, Qualls C, Villareal DT.

Physical activity advertisements that feature daily well-being improve autonomy and body image

In the study to investigates whether framing physical activity in advertisements featuring distinct types of goals differentially influences body image and behavioral regulations based on self-determination theory among overweight and obese individuals, showed that there are immediate framing effects on physical activity behavioral regulations and body image from reading a one-page advertisement about physical activity and that gender and BMI moderate these effects. Framing physical activity as a way to enhance daily well-being positively influenced participants' perceptions about the experience of being physically active and enhanced body image among overweight women, but not men(1).

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(1)"Physical activity advertisements that feature daily well-being improve autonomy and body image in overweight women but not men" by Segar ML, Updegraff JA, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Richardson CR.

Diet and physical activity behaviors among Americans trying to lose weight

In the study to investigate the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey of adults > or =18 years of age (N = 184,450) conducted in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2000, showed that the prevalence of trying to lose weight was 46% (women) and 33% (men). Women reported trying to lose weight at a lower BMI than did men; 60% of overweight women were trying to lose weight, but men did not reach this level until they were obese. Adults who had a routine physician checkup in the previous year and reported medical advice to lose weight vs. checkup and no medical advice to lose weight had a higher prevalence of trying to lose weight (81% women and 77% men vs. 41% women and 28% men, respectively). The odds of trying to lose weight increased as years of education increased. Among respondents who were trying to lose weight, approximately 19% of women and 22% of men reported using fewer calories and > or =150 min/wk leisure-time physical activity(1).

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(1) " Diet and physical activity behaviors among Americans trying to lose weight: 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System" by Bish CL, Blanck HM, Serdula MK, Marcus M, Kohl HW 3rd, Khan LK.

Methods for voluntary weight loss and control

In a study of "Methods for voluntary weight loss and control",  found that participants who remain in weight loss programs usually lose approximately 10% of their weight. However, one third to two thirds of the weight is regained within 1 year, and almost all is regained within 5 years. For many overweight persons, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is a lifelong challenge. Successful weight loss improves several cardiovascular risk factors and diabetic control; effects on mortality are not clear. Several epidemiologic studies have found that weight loss is associated with increased mortality but the reasons for weight loss were not known. Survey data also confirm that many Americans who are not overweight, particularly young women, are trying to lose weight, which may have adverse physical and psychological consequences. Because of the importance of these issues, research on weight and on weight loss and control should assume a high priority on the nation's health agenda(1).

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(1) "Methods for voluntary weight loss and control. NIH Technology Assessment Conference Panel. Consensus Development Conference, 30 March to 1 April 1992" by [No authors listed]

Health-related quality of life and weight loss practices among overweight and obese US adults

In the study to examine the prevalence and association of HRQOL measures as independent moderators of weight loss practices among overweight and obese men and women, showed that mong men with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2, the odds of trying to lose weight increased for the moderate vs best category of HRQOL but not for the poorest vs best category, and no associations were noted for men with BMI > or = 35 kg/m2. Women with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 had reduced odds and decreasing associated trends in the prevalence of trying to lose weight with poorer general health, increased physically unhealthy days, and increased activity limitation days. Conversely, women with 1-13 vs 0 mentally unhealthy days had greater odds of trying to lose weight. Among those trying to lose weight, reducing calories was common (52%-69%, men; 56%-69%, women). Among men, with the exception of recent mental health, poorer levels of HRQOL measures were associated with diminished attainment of recommended physical activity levels. Among women, poorer general health status was associated with diminished attainment of recommended physical activity levels(1).

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(1) " Health-related quality of life and weight loss practices among overweight and obese US adults, 2003 behavioral risk factor surveillance system" by Bish CL, Blanck HM, Maynard LM, Serdula MK, Thompson NJ, Khan LK.

Descriptive epidemiology of body weight and weight change in U.S. adults

In the review of data on body weight and weight change collected from nationally representative samples of U.S. adults, showed that between 1960 and 1980, the prevalence of overweight among whites increased by 3% in women and by 6% in men. In blacks, however, the prevalence of overweight increased by 7% in women and by 28% in men. Longitudinal body weight measurements taken 10 years apart show that adults younger than 55 years tend to gain weight, whereas those 55 years and older tend to lose weight. The youngest adults gain the most weight, and the oldest adults lose the most weight. In all age groups, women have substantially greater variation in their 10-year weight change than do men(1).

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(1) "Descriptive epidemiology of body weight and weight change in U.S. adults" by Williamson DF.

Health-related quality of life and weight loss practices among overweight and obese US adults

In the study to examine the prevalence and association of HRQOL measures as independent moderators of weight loss practices among overweight and obese men and women, showed that Among men with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2, the odds of trying to lose weight increased for the moderate vs best category of HRQOL but not for the poorest vs best category, and no associations were noted for men with BMI > or = 35 kg/m2. Women with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 had reduced odds and decreasing associated trends in the prevalence of trying to lose weight with poorer general health, increased physically unhealthy days, and increased activity limitation days. Conversely, women with 1-13 vs 0 mentally unhealthy days had greater odds of trying to lose weight. Among those trying to lose weight, reducing calories was common (52%-69%, men; 56%-69%, women). Among men, with the exception of recent mental health, poorer levels of HRQOL measures were associated with diminished attainment of recommended physical activity levels. Among women, poorer general health status was associated with diminished attainment of recommended physical activity levels(1).

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(1) "Health-related quality of life and weight loss practices among overweight and obese US adults, 2003 behavioral risk factor surveillance system" By Bish CL, Blanck HM, Maynard LM, Serdula MK, Thompson NJ, Khan LK.

Employment, work hours and weight gain among middle-aged women.

In the study to investigate the influence of employment and work hours on weight gain and weight loss among middle-aged women, Dr. Au N, and the scientists at the Monash University, found that among the employed, working longer hours was associated with more weight gain, especially at the higher levels of weight gain where the health consequences are more serious. These findings suggest that as women work longer hours they are more likely to make lifestyle choices that are associated with weight gain.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 19 June 2012(1).

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(1) "Employment, work hours and weight gain among middle-aged women" by Au N, Hauck K, Hollingsworth B.

Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation

In the study to evaluate the tools for obesity management including caffeine, and green tea have been proposed as strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance found that these ingredients may increase energy expenditure and have been proposed to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that is present during weight loss. Positive effects on body-weight management have been shown using green tea mixtures. Green tea, by containing both tea catechins and caffeine, may act through inhibition of catechol O-methyl-transferase, and inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Here the mechanisms may also operate synergistically. A green tea-caffeine mixture improves weight maintenance, through thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and sparing fat free mass. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may play an important role in the regulation of total body fat in general. Taken together, these functional ingredients have the potential to produce significant effects on metabolic targets such as thermogenesis, and fat oxidation. An ethnic or genetic effect, and habitual caffeine or green tea catechin intake may act as confounders; this remains to be revealed(1).

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(1) "Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation" by Westerterp-Plantenga MS.

Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation

In the Investigation of the effect of a green tea-caffeine mixture on weight maintenance after body weight loss in moderately obese subjects in relation to habitual caffeine intake, indicated that High caffeine intake was associated with weight loss through thermogenesis and fat oxidation and with suppressed leptin in women. In habitual low caffeine consumers, the green tea-caffeine mixture improved WM, partly through thermogenesis and fat oxidation(1).

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(1) "Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation" by Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM.

The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance

In the study to elucidate by meta-analysis whether green tea indeed has a function in body weight regulation, showed that Catechins significantly decreased body weight and significantly maintained body weight after a period of WL (microcirc=-1.31 kg; P<0.001). Inhibition of this effect by high habitual caffeine intake (>300 mg per day) failed to reach significance (microcirc=-0.27 kg for high and microcirc=-1.60 kg for low habitual caffeine intake; P=0.09). Also, the seemingly smaller effect of catechins in Caucasian (microcirc=-0.82 kg) subjects compared with Asians (microcirc=-1.51 kg; P=0.37) did not reach significance. Interaction of ethnicity and caffeine intake was a significant moderator (P=0.04)(1).

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(1) "The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis" by Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS.

Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais

In the study  to investigate the effects of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais, a randomized, controlled trial involving 60 obese subjects (body mass index, BMI > 25 kg/m2) was conducted. All subjects consumed a Thai diet containing 3 meals (8373.6 kJ/day) for 12 weeks, prepared by the Nutritional Unit at Srinagarind Hospital, showed that the diet contained 65% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 20% fat. Body weight, BMI, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation were measured at baseline, and during weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. Serum levels of leptin and urine VMA were measured at baseline and during the 12th week. Differences over time and between the treatments (green tea or placebo) over time were determined using two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures. In comparing the two groups, differences in weight loss were 2.70, 5.10, and 3.3 kg during the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the study, respectively. At the 8th and 12th weeks of the study, body weight loss was significantly different (P < 0.05). At the 8th week, the difference in resting energy expenditure was 183.38 kJ/day (P < 0.001), the difference in the respiratory quotient was 0.02 (P < 0.05), and no significant differences existed in satiety score, food intake, or physical activity. Urine VMA was significantly different in the 12th week of the study (P < 0.05)(1).

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(1) "Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial" by

Auvichayapat P, Prapochanung M, Tunkamnerdthai O, Sripanidkulchai BO, Auvichayapat N, Thinkhamrop B, Kunhasura S, Wongpratoom S, Sinawat S, Hongprapas P.

WITHDRAWN: Advice on low-fat diets for obesity

In the study to assess the effects of advice on low-fat diets as a means of achieving sustained weight loss, using all available randomised clinical trials. This review focused primarily on participants who were overweight or clinically obese and were dieting for the purpose of weight reduction, showed that the review suggests that fat-restricted diets are no better than calorie restricted diets in achieving long term weight loss in overweight or obese people. Overall, participants lost slightly more weight on the control diets but this was not significantly different from the weight loss achieved through dietary fat restriction and was so small as to be clinically insignificant(1).

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(1) " WITHDRAWN: Advice on low-fat diets for obesity" by Summerbell CD, Cameron C, Glasziou PP.

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity

In the study to assess the effects of low glycaemic index or load diets for weight loss in overweight or obese people, showed that overweight or obese people on LGI lost more weight and had more improvement in lipid profiles than those receiving Cdiets. Body mass, total fat mass, body mass index, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol all decreased significantly more in the LGI group. In studies comparing ad libitum LGI diets to conventional restricted energy low-fat diets, participants fared as well or better on th LGI diet, even though they could eat as much as desired. Lowering the glycaemic load of the diet appears to be an effective method of promoting weight loss and improving lipid profiles and can be simply incorporated into a person's lifestyle. Further research with longer term follow-up will determine whether improvement continues long-term and improves quality of life(1).

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(1) "Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity" by Thomas DE, Elliott EJ, Baur L.

Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity

In the study to assess the effects of psychological interventions for overweight or obesity as a means of achieving sustained weight loss, indicated that people who are overweight or obese benefit from psychological interventions, particularly behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies, to enhance weight reduction. They are predominantly useful when combined with dietary and exercise strategies. The bulk of the evidence supports the use of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies. Other psychological interventions are less rigorously evaluated for their efficacy as weight loss treatments(1).

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(1) "Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity" by Shaw K, O'Rourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J.

A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans

In the study to investigate the effects of  a green tea extract (GTE)   in the body fat reducing effect and reduction of risks for cardiovascular disease by a green tea extract (GTE) high in catechins, Data were analyzed using per-protocol samples of 240 subjects (catechin group; n = 123, control group; n = 117). Decreases in body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, body fat mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area were found to be greater in the catechin group than in the control group. A greater decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found in the catechin group compared with the control group for subjects whose initial SBP was 130 mm Hg or higher. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was also decreased to a greater extent in the catechin group. No adverse effect was found(1).

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(1) "A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans"by Nagao T, Hase T, Tokimitsu I.

Drinking water is associated with weight loss in overweight dieting women

In the study to test for associations between absolute and relative increases in drinking water and weight loss over 12 months, secondary analyses were conducted on data from the Stanford A TO Z weight loss intervention on 173 premenopausal overweight women (aged 25-50 years) who reported <1 l/day drinking water at baseline. Diet, physical activity, body weight, percent body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and waist circumference were assessed at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months. At each time point, mean daily intakes of drinking water, noncaloric, unsweetened caloric (e.g., 100% fruit juice, milk) and sweetened caloric beverages, and food energy and nutrients were estimated using three unannounced 24-h diet recalls. Beverage intake was expressed in absolute (g) and relative terms (% of beverages). Mixed models were used to test for effects of absolute and relative increases in drinking water on changes in weight and body composition, controlling for baseline status, diet group, and changes in other beverage intake, the amount and composition of foods consumed and physical activity(1).

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(1) "Drinking water is associated with weight loss in overweight dieting women independent of diet and activity" by Stookey JD, Constant F, Popkin BM, Gardner CD.

Impact of water intake on energy intake and weight status

In the study to review of studies reported in the English-language literature was performed to compare the effects of drinking water and various beverage alternatives on energy intake and/or weight status, studies comparing non-nutritive sweeteners with water were also relatively consistent and found no impact on energy intake among adults (DeltaTEI, -1.3; range, -9 to 13.8). Much less conclusive evidence was found in studies replacing water with milk and juice, with estimated increases in TEI of 14.9% (range, 10.9 to 23.9%). These findings from clinical trials, along with those from epidemiologic and intervention studies, suggest water has a potentially important role to play in reducing energy intake, and consequently in obesity prevention. A need for randomized-controlled trials to confirm this role exists(1).

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(1) "Impact of water intake on energy intake and weight status: a systematic review" by Daniels MC, Popkin BM.

Dietary tea catechins increase fecal energy

In the study to investigate the role of tea catechins on the utilization of dietary energy sources in rats, suggesting that tea catechins increased the fecal excretion of these energy nutrients. Of the gross energy that the rats consumed from their respective diets during the fecal collection period, 1.6% (for control diet) and 5.8% (for tea catechin diet) were estimated to be excreted in feces. The energy loss originating from carbohydrate should contribute to the overall amount of energy in the feces, followed by protein. Intake of tea catechins suppressed the intestinal absorption of energy nutrients via the inhibition of digestive enzymes, which may at least partially influence the body fat reduction by tea catechins(1).

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(1) "Dietary tea catechins increase fecal energy in rats" by Unno T, Osada C, Motoo Y, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Nozawa A.

Beverage consumption and adult weight management:

In the review of  the effect of beverage consumption on short-term (i.e., meal) energy intake, as well as longer-term effects on body weight. Specific beverages addressed include water, other energy-free beverages (diet soft drinks, coffee and tea), and energy-containing beverages (soft drinks, juices and juice drinks, milk and soy beverages, alcohol), suggested that suggests that encouraging water consumption, and substituting water and other energy-free beverages (diet soft drinks, coffee and tea) for energy-containing beverages may facilitate weight management. Energy-containing beverages acutely increase energy intake, however long-term effects on body weight are uncertain. While there may be health benefits for some beverage categories, additional energy provided by beverages should be compensated for by reduced consumption of other foods in the diet(1).

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(1) "Beverage consumption and adult weight management: A review" by Dennis EA, Flack KD, Davy BM.

Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss

In the study to evaluate the influence of a green tea catechin beverage on body composition and fat distribution in overweight and obese adults during exercise-induced weight loss, participants (n = 132 with 107 completers) were randomly assigned to receive a beverage containing approximately 625 mg of catechins with 39 mg caffeine or a control beverage (39 mg caffeine, no catechins) for 12 wk. Participants were asked to maintain constant energy intake and engage in >or=180 min/wk moderate intensity exercise, including >or=3 supervised sessions per week. Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), abdominal fat areas (computed tomography), and clinical laboratory tests were measured at baseline and wk 12. There was a trend (P = 0.079) toward greater loss of body weight in the catechin group compared with the control group; least squares mean (95% CI) changes, adjusted for baseline value, age, and sex, were -2.2 (-3.1, -1.3) and -1.0 (-1.9, -0.1) kg, respectively. Percentage changes in fat mass did not differ between the catechin [5.2 (-7.0, -3.4)] and control groups [-3.5 (-5.4, 1.6)] (P = 0.208). However, percentage changes in total abdominal fat area [-7.7 (-11.7, -3.8) vs. -0.3 (-4.4, 3.9); P = 0.013], subcutaneous abdominal fat area [-6.2 (-10.2, -2.2) vs. 0.8 (-3.3, 4.9); P = 0.019], and fasting serum triglycerides (TG) [-11.2 (-18.8, -3.6) vs. 1.9 (-5.9, 9.7); P = 0.023] were greater in the catechin group(1).

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(1) "Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults" by Maki KC, Reeves MS, Farmer M, Yasunaga K, Matsuo N, Katsuragi Y, Komikado M, Tokimitsu I, Wilder D, Jones F, Blumberg JB, Cartwright Y.

Beverage intake among preschool children and its effect on weight status

In the study to evaluate the beverage intake among preschool children who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 and investigate associations between types and amounts of beverages consumed and weight status in preschool-aged children. Dr. O'Connor TM, and the research team at Baylor College of Medicine showed that On average, preschool children drank less milk than the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation of 16 oz/day. Only 8.6% drank low-fat or skim milk, as recommended for children who are older than 2 years. On average, preschool children drank < 6 oz/day 100% fruit juice. Increased beverage consumption was associated with an increase in the total energy intake of the children but not with their BMI. Prospectively studying preschool children beyond 2 to 5 years of age, through their adiposity rebound (approximately 5.5-6 years) to determine whether there is a trajectory increase in their BMI, may help to clarify the role of beverage consumption in total energy intake and weight status(1).

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(1) "Beverage intake among preschool children and its effect on weight status" by O'Connor TM, Yang SJ, Nicklas TA.

Association between 100% juice consumption and nutrient intake and weight of children aged 2 to 11 years

In the atusy to investigate the associations between 4 categories of daily 100% juice consumption (0 fl oz, > 0 to < or = 6 fl oz; > 6 to < 12 fl oz; and > or = 12 fl oz) and nutrient and food group intake and weight in children, Dr. Nicklas TA, and the scientists at the Baylor College of Medicine indicated that on average, children consumed less than the maximum amounts of 100% juice recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. One hundred percent juice consumption was associated with better nutrient intake than in the nonconsumption group and was not associated with weight status or the likelihood of being overweight in children 2 to 11 years of age(1).

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(1) "Association between 100% juice consumption and nutrient intake and weight of children aged 2 to 11 years" by Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Kleinman R.

Excess fruit juice consumption by preschool-aged children is associated with short stature and obesity

In the study to evaluate, in a population-based sample of healthy children, fruit juice consumption and its effects on growth parameters during early childhood, Dr. Dennison BA, and the research team at the Mary Imogene Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown found that Consumption of > or = 12 fl oz/day of fruit juice by young children was associated with short stature and with obesity. Parents and care takers should limit young children's consumption of fruit juice to less than 12 fl oz/day(1).

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(1) "Excess fruit juice consumption by preschool-aged children is associated with short stature and obesity" by Dennison BA, Rockwell HL, Baker SL.

Fruit and vegetable intake in young children

In the observation to determine, in a sample of healthy children, the extent to which young children's diets include the recommended numbers of fruit and vegetable servings per day, Dr. Dennison BA, and members in the research team at the Mary Imogene Bassett Research Institute, found that preschool-aged children consumed, on average, about 80% of the recommended fruit servings/day, but only 25% of the recommended vegetable servings/day. Low intakes of fruits and vegetables were associated with inadequate intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and dietary fiber, in addition to high intakes of total fat and saturated fat(1).

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(1) "Fruit and vegetable intake in young children" by Dennison BA, Rockwell HL, Baker SL.

Dietary guidelines and the results of food consumption surveys

In the review focuses on dietary guidelines regarding fruit and vegetable consumption; sources of the antioxidant micronutrients, beta-carotene and vitamin C; and survey data on the US population's actual consumption of these foods, Dr. Block G. at the National Cancer Institute stated that the dietary Guidelines for Americans recommended consumption of five or more servings of vegetables and fruits daily, as did the 1989 Diet and Health report, which also emphasized fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C and carotenoids. In contrast with these recommendations and strong evidence for a beneficial effect, very few individuals in the United States even approach the recommended levels of intake. In the US NHANES II data, 41% of the population had no fruit on the survey day; only one fourth had a fruit or vegetable rich in vitamin A or in vitamin C. Only 10% consumed the recommended five servings. Efforts to increase consumption of these foods are needed to improve the diet and health of the population(1).

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(1) "Dietary guidelines and the results of food consumption surveys" by Block G.

Children's growth parameters vary by type of fruit juice consumed

In the study to evaluate, in a sample of healthy young children, whether the associations between fruit juice intakes and growth parameters differ by the type of fruit juice consumed, Dr. Dennison BA, and the research team at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons indicated that the associations between high fruit juice intakes and obesity were observed with apple juice intakes only. Because most of the fruit juice mixtures were classified as single fruit juices, the findings, especially those with grape juice, need to be cautiously interpreted. High intakes of fruit juice, however, appear to be associated with growth extremes in young children. Thus, it would seem prudent for parents and caretakers to moderate the fruit juice intakes of their young children(1).

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(1) "Children's growth parameters vary by type of fruit juice consumed" by Dennison BA, Rockwell HL, Nichols MJ, Jenkins P.

Simple obesity in children. A study on the role of nutritional factors

In the study to examine the effectiveness of dietary treatment in children with simple obesity on the basis of thorough analysis of their state of nutrition, method of nutrition and eating habits and the impact of other environmental factors, Dr. Weker H. at Instytut Matki i Dziecka, ul. Kasprzaka indicated that 1. Simple obesity in children aged 3-15 yrs is connected with familial and environmental factors, including incorrect eating habits. 2. Dietary treatment consisting in the lowering of energetic value of the diet through the reduction of fat consumption and quantity and quality changes with respect to carbohydrates consumption decreased the children's obesity, and was more effective in the older age group (7-15 yrs). Dietary treatment normalizes the lipid profile in children. 3. Significant body mass loss has been observed in children in whose diet the amount of proteins and their share in the total energy value only slightly differs from the level before the dietary treatment. The amount of proteins in the children's diet was within the range of physiological recommendations(1).

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(1) "[Simple obesity in children. A study on the role of nutritional factors]" by Weker H.

Greater weight loss and hormonal changes after 6 months diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner

In the study to investigate the effect of a low-calorie diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner on anthropometric, hunger/satiety, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters. Hormonal secretions were also evaluated. Seventy-eight police officers (BMI >30) were randomly assigned to experimental (carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner) or control weight loss diets for 6 months, found that a simple dietary manipulation of carbohydrate distribution appears to have additional benefits when compared to a conventional weight loss diet in individuals suffering from obesity. It might also be beneficial for individuals suffering from insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome(1).

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(1) "Greater weight loss and hormonal changes after 6 months diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner" by Sofer S, Eliraz A, Kaplan S, Voet H, Fink G, Kima T, Madar Z.

Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers

In the study to compare the DASH diet alone or combined with a weight management program with usual diet controls among participants with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP, 130-159 mm Hg; or diastolic BP, 85-99 mm Hg), showed that For overweight or obese persons with above-normal BP, the addition of exercise and weight loss to the DASH diet resulted in even larger BP reductions, greater improvements in vascular and autonomic function, and reduced left ventricular mass(1).


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(1) "Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study" by

Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Hinderliter A, Watkins LL, Craighead L, Lin PH, Caccia C, Johnson J, Waugh R, Sherwood A.

Weight lifting for women at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema

In the study of Clinical guidelines for breast cancer survivors without lymphedema advise against upper body exercise, preventing them from obtaining established health benefits of weight liftingof a total of 134 participants completed follow-up measures at 1 year. The proportion of women who experienced incident BCRL onset was 11% (8 of 72) in the weight lifting intervention group and 17% (13 of 75) in the control group (cumulative incidence difference [CID], -6.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.2% to 5.2%; P for equivalence = .04). Among women with 5 or more lymph nodes removed, the proportion who experienced incident BCRL onset was 7% (3 of 45) in the weight lifting intervention group and 22% (11 of 49) in the control group (CID, -15.0%; 95% CI, -18.6% to -11.4%; P for equivalence = .003). Clinician-defined BCRL onset occurred in 1 woman in the weight lifting intervention group and 3 women in the control group (1.5% vs 4.4%, P for equivalence = .12), indicated that In breast cancer survivors at risk for lymphedema, a program of slowly progressive weight lifting compared with no exercise did not result in increased incidence of lymphedema(1).


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(1) "Weight lifting for women at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized trial" by

Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Troxel AB, Cheville A, Lewis-Grant L, Smith R, Bryan CJ, Williams-Smith CT, Chittams J.